Latin Name: Sambucus nigra
Herb Class/Action: Elderberry is classified as an immune modulator, antiviral, and antioxidant herb.
Parts of Plant Used: The ripe berries of the Elderberry shrub are primarily used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Additionally, the flowers and bark may also be used in herbal preparations.
Flavors: Elderberries have a rich, sweet-tart flavor with floral undertones.
Energetics: Elderberries are energetically cooling and moistening.
Medicinal Properties:
- Immune Support: Elderberries are revered for their immune-boosting properties, particularly in preventing and treating colds, flu, and other respiratory infections. They contain potent antioxidants, such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, that help strengthen the immune system, reduce inflammation, and inhibit viral replication. Elderberries stimulate the production of cytokines, which regulate immune responses, and enhance the activity of white blood cells, such as macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. Elderberry extracts are used to shorten the duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms, including fever, cough, congestion, and fatigue.
- Antiviral Activity: Elderberries have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various strains of influenza virus and other respiratory pathogens. They inhibit viral attachment and entry into host cells, preventing viral replication and spread. Elderberry extracts also stimulate the release of interferons, which activate antiviral defenses and inhibit viral protein synthesis. Elderberries are used prophylactically to reduce the risk of viral infections and therapeutically to alleviate symptoms of acute respiratory illnesses.
- Antioxidant Protection: Elderberries are rich in polyphenols and other antioxidants that scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect cells from damage. They neutralize harmful molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prevent oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Elderberries support cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and skin health by reducing inflammation, improving circulation, and promoting tissue repair. They also help maintain healthy aging and prevent chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.
In the Garden: Elderberry shrubs are native to Europe, North America, and parts of Asia, commonly found in forests, woodlands, and disturbed habitats. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with clusters of white or cream-colored flowers that bloom in the spring and clusters of dark purple or black berries that ripen in late summer to early fall. Elderberries prefer moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. They are easy to grow and propagate, making them popular ornamental and medicinal plants in gardens and landscapes.
Culinary Uses: Elderberries are commonly used in culinary applications, particularly in jams, jellies, syrups, sauces, and beverages. They add a rich, fruity flavor and vibrant color to a variety of dishes and drinks. Elderberry syrup is a popular home remedy for colds and flu, often combined with honey, ginger, and other immune-boosting herbs. Elderberry jelly and wine are also cherished delicacies enjoyed for their unique taste and health-promoting properties.
Precautions: Raw elderberries contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can cause gastrointestinal upset and cyanide poisoning if consumed in large quantities. Therefore, elderberries should be cooked or processed before consumption to inactivate these compounds. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with autoimmune conditions, or those taking immunosuppressive medications should consult a healthcare professional before using elderberry supplements. Elderberry supplements should be sourced from reputable manufactur
